computer hardware and software

BELKIN WIRELESS ROUTER IP Address :- The "IP address" is the Internal IP address of the Router. To access the advanced setup interface, type this IP address into the address bar of your browser. This address can be changed if needed. To Change the IP address, type in the new IP address and click "Apply Changes". The IP address you choose should be a non-routable IP. Examples of a non-routable IP are: 192.168.x.z (where x is anything between 0 and 255, z is anything between 1 and 254.)10.x.x.z (where x is anything between 0 and 255, z is anything between 1 and 254.)172.y.x.z (where y is anything from 16 to 31, x is anything between 0 and 255, z is anything between 1 and 254.) Subnet MaskADVANCED FEATURE :-There is no need to change the subnet mask. It is possible to change the subnet mask if necessary. Only make changes to the Subnet Mask if you specifically have a reason to do so. DNSDNS is an acronym for Domain Name Server: . A Domain Name Server is a server loca...

If you got this error: This error is due to file missing or corrupt\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM or \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SOFTWARE Insert and boot from your Windows XP CD. At the first R=Repair option, press the R key Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.Typically this will be #1 Enter in the administrator password when requested cd \windows\system32\config Depending on which section was corrupted:ren software software.bad or ren system system.bad Depending on which section was corruptedcopy \windows\repair\systemcopy \windows\repair\software Take out the CD ROM and type exit

A power supply unit (PSU) is the component that supplies power to the other components in a computer. More specifically, a power supply unit is typically designed to convert general-purpose alternating current (AC) electric power from the mains (100-127V in North America, parts of South America, Japan, and Taiwan; 220-240V in most of the rest of the world) to usable low-voltage DC power for the internal components of the computer. Some power supplies have a switch to change between 230 V and 115 V. Other models have automatic sensors that switch input voltage automatically, or are able to accept any voltage between those limits. The most common computer power supplies are built to conform to the ATX form factor. This enables different power supplies to be interchangeable with different components inside the computer. ATX power supplies also are designed to turn on and off using a signal from the motherboard, and provide support for modern functions such as the standby mode available...

Error "Registry editing has been disabled by your administrator" when you open the Registry Editor in Windows Vista When you attempt to start the Registry Editor (regedit.exe) in your Windows Vista system, you will get the following message: Registry editing has been disabled by your administrator SOLUTION Method 1 Using Group Policy Editor If you are using an edition of Windows Vista (Windows Vista Business, Enterprise and Ultimate editions) which includes the Group Policy Editor, follow these steps: 1.Click Start, type gpedit.msc in the Search box, and press ENTER 2.Go to the following branch: User Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> System 3.Double-click Prevent access to registry editing tools 4.Set it as Not Configured (If it's already set to Not Configured, set it to Enabled and click Apply. Then repeat the steps and revert the setting back to Not Configured. This removes the registry based policy if set alread...

What is BIOS? BIOS or Basic Input/Output System is the first program accessed by the processor during start up to ensure that all the other basic programs, hard drives, ports, peripherals and the central processing unit are in good working condition. BIOS are different from the computer's operating system. The operating system resides in the hard drive and provides the user interface that can be seen on the screen after start up. The BIOS program, on the other hand, can be found right in a flash memory chip or ROM located in the motherboard. It is the basic requirement for booting a computer. BIOS Functions BIOS have several functions in a computer but its most important task is to load the operating system. BIOS provide the microprocessor its first instructions upon activating the computer. The instructions of the BIOS to the microprocessor during start up are the following: power on self test which tests the operating status of all the hardware in the computer, activation of ot...

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Keyboard Is Dirty Keyboards should be cleaned with "spray-n-wipe" cleaner and a cloth or tissue on a monthly basis. Ensure that computer is not powered up while cleaning the keyboard. Compressed air can also be used to clean between the keyboard keys. Another tip: clean the keys with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Keyboard Not Found" Message Your keyboard is not plugged into the computer securely. Unplug it and plug it back in and the problem should go away. If this doesn't work, follow procedure: “Computer isn't taking inputs from keyboard” (below). Key Is Stuck If a key does not work or is stuck in the down position, you may try to remove it with a CPU "chip puller" tool. These simple "L" shaped tools are great at pulling out keys. Once you've pulled out the stuck key, you can try to stretch the spring to "reanimate" its action. Computer Isn't Taking Inputs From Keyboard 1. Is keyboard connected to computer? Ensure that t...

In some applications, a keyboard is either unnecessary or a hindrance. For that reason, manufacturers have repeatedly offered tablet-style computers. These systems are like laptops without the keyboard. The top panel of the device consists solely of a large LCD panel. Except for a few buttons accompanying the screen, all input is accomplished via a stylus on a touch-sensitive panel that covers the tablet's screen. A number of tablet systems appeared on the market with much fanfare in the early 1990s, but none of them caught on with the public. Nevertheless, a handful of companies, such as Fujitsu, have continued to quietly offer tablets in the intervening years. In the fall of 2002, Microsoft launched a new initiative for tablets with a special version of its Windows operating system, dubbed Microsoft Windows XP Tablet PC Edition. This operating system differs from the regular version of Windows XP in that it enables users to manipulate the Windows interface with a stylus and to en...

Advantages of Laptops If you are reading this book, you are probably already aware of at least some of the benefits of using a portable computer. Here is a list that possibly includes some benefits you had not considered before. Multiple Uses By their nature, portable computers are generally much more useful than desktops. Except for a mere handful of exceptions, portables can do anything that a desktop can, plus a range of other tasks that would be impossible for desktops. The chief strength of the portable is its freedom from the desk. It can be used almost anywhere. Indeed, almost anywhere a human can go, so can a laptop. Some uses for a laptop would not even make sense for a desktop. For example, an increasing number of notebook computers are being equipped with GPS antennas and mapping software. The same could be done with desktops, of course, but with much less interesting if not impractical results. Ideal for People with Multiple Workplaces For many people, the idea of working i...

Portable System Design Elements Portable systems are designed to be smaller and lighter than desktops, and much of the development work that has been done on desktop components has certainly contributed to this end. Much of this development has been in simple miniaturization. For example, whereas 3.5-inch hard drives may be popular on desktops, most laptops would not have room for these devices. Instead, they normally use 2.5-inch hard drives, which are a direct result of the miniaturization that has occurred in hard-drive technology over the past few years. Some of the subnotebook and Tablet PC systems use even smaller 1.8-inch drives first made popular in portable music players. In addition to miniaturization, however, advancements in three other areas have contributed greatly to the design of today's laptop computers: flat-panel displays, power systems, and thermal management. Flat-Panel Displays The sleek lines of flat-panel Liquid Crystal displays (LCDs) have caused them to be...

Difference between NTFS and FAT32 NTFS 1) Allows access local to w2k w2k3 XP win NT4 with SP4 & later may get access for some file. 2) Maximum size of partition is 2 Terabytes & more. 3) Maximum File size is up to 16TB. 4) File & folder Encryption is possible only in NTFS. FAT 32 1) Fat 32 Allows access to WIN 95,WIN 98 win millennium win2k Win XP on local partition. 2) Maximum size of partition is up to 2 TB. 3) Maximum File size is up to 4 GB. 4) File & folder Encryption is not possible. Differences between NTFS and FAT32 NTFS stands for new technology file system or network technology file system. In NTSF partition size can be of 2 TB or more. and file size can be 16 TB. File/folder encryption is done. and it supports file name character up to 255.FAT32 stands for File allocation table. in FAT32 partition size can be Up to 2 TB. and file size can be 4 GB. File/folder encryption is not possible in FAT32. and it supports file name character up to 8.3. What are the diff...

Defining the Portable Computer Portables, like their desktop counterparts, have evolved a great deal since the days when the word portable could refer to a desktop-sized system with a handle on it. Today, much smaller portable systems can rival the performance of their desktop counterparts in nearly every way. Many portables are now being marketed as "desktop replacements," which are portable systems powerful enough to serve as a primary system. This chapter examines the phenomenon of portable computing, showing how it has evolved and why it is so popular. Portables started out as suitcase-sized systems that differed from desktops mainly in that all the components, including a CRT-style monitor, were installed into a single case. In the early 1980s, a small Houston-based startup company named Compaq was among the first to market portable PCs such as these. Although their size, weight, and appearance are almost laughable when compared to today's laptop or notebook systems,...

The terms laptop and notebook before even beginning work on this book, not only with how to use them in the content but especially with the title. Although it was not necessarily true in the beginning, in the current context of the industry, these terms are used interchangeably to describe systems. The truth is, there is no consistent industry-wide definition of what is a laptop computer and what is a notebook computer. Originally, there was some unofficial size differentiation between what was considered a laptop versus what was considered a notebook (the term notebook was used to describe an arbitrarily smaller version of a laptop). However, more recently that distinction has completely disappeared. Standardization on screen technology, screen sizes, as well as keyboard/pointing device layout and size have all served to muddy and eventually dissolve any differences between what was once considered a laptop and what was considered a notebook. The fact that virtually all modern portabl...